Percent Yield Calculator

Calculate percent yield from actual and theoretical yields. Includes atom economy, E-factor (green chemistry metrics), and multi-trial statistics.

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g
Percent Yield
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Mass Lost (g) —
Extended More scenarios, charts & detailed breakdown ▾
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g
Percent Yield
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Mass Lost (g) —
Professional Full parameters & maximum detail ▾
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g/mol
g/mol
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Percent Yield
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Atom Economy —
E-factor (waste/product) —
Mass Lost (g) —

How to Use This Calculator

  1. Enter the actual yield (what you collected in grams).
  2. Enter the theoretical yield (maximum predicted by stoichiometry).
  3. Read the percent yield. Use extended tabs for stoichiometry-based theoretical yield or multi-trial analysis.

Formula

% Yield = (Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) × 100%

Atom Economy = MW(desired product) / Σ MW(all products) × 100%

Example

Example: Actual yield = 3.5 g, Theoretical yield = 4.2 g. % Yield = (3.5/4.2) × 100 = 83.3%.

Frequently Asked Questions

  • Percent yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) × 100%. It measures how efficient a chemical reaction is. A 100% yield means all reactants were converted to the desired product with no losses.
  • Common causes include: incomplete reaction, side reactions producing unwanted products, product lost during transfer, purification, or filtration, and measurement errors.
  • Atom economy = (molecular weight of desired product / sum of molecular weights of all products) × 100%. It measures how many atoms in the reactants end up in the desired product. High atom economy means less waste.
  • E-factor (environmental factor) = mass of waste / mass of product. A lower E-factor means a greener reaction. Fine chemicals typically have E-factors of 5–50; pharmaceuticals can be 25–100+.
  • Industrial processes aim for >90% yield. Academic lab reactions often achieve 60–85%. Below 40% is generally considered poor and warrants optimization of conditions, temperature, or catalyst.

Related Calculators

⚗️ Stoichiometry Calculator 🥛 Limiting Reactant Calculator ⚛️ Empirical Formula Calculator ⚗️ Molar Mass Calculator
Sources & References (5) ▾
  1. Green Chemistry — ACS Principles — American Chemical Society
  2. IUPAC — Atom Economy and Green Chemistry Metrics — IUPAC
  3. OpenStax Chemistry 2e, Chapter 4 — Reaction Yields — OpenStax
  4. RSC — Green Chemistry Metrics: Atom Economy — Royal Society of Chemistry
  5. Anastas, P. & Warner, J. — Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice — Oxford University Press